CentOS 6如何升级Python 2.7？-杰瑞科技汇

Of course. Working with Python 2.7 on CentOS 6 is a common task for maintaining legacy systems. CentOS 6 reached its End of Life (EOL) in November 2025, and Python 2.7 reached its End of Life in January 2025. This means no security updates or bug fixes are available for either.

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Proceed with this understanding. This guide will walk you through the options for installing and using Python 2.7 on CentOS 6.

Summary of Methods

Method	Pros	Cons	Best For
EPEL Repository	Easiest, managed by `yum`, handles dependencies.	The Python version might be slightly older (e.g., 2.6.6 is the default, EPEL might have 2.7.x).	Most users who just need a working Python 2.7 quickly.
Manual Source Build	Full control, you get the latest Python 2.7.x version.	Complex, must compile all dependencies (like `sqlite`, `openssl`, `readline`) manually.	Users who need a specific, newer Python 2.7 version and are comfortable with compiling from source.
SCL (Software Collections)	Isolated, doesn't conflict with system Python. Easy to switch versions.	Requires the `centos-release-scl` package. Python 2.7 is not in the default SCL repo for CentOS 6.	Users who need to manage multiple Python versions on the same system.
`python27` Meta-package	Very simple, one command.	Can pull in many dependencies you might not need. A blunt instrument.	The absolute simplest, "just get it done" approach.

Method 1: Install from EPEL Repository (Recommended)

The Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux (EPEL) repository is the safest and easiest way to get additional software on CentOS.

Step 1: Enable the EPEL Repository

First, you need to add the EPEL repository to your system. The command depends on your system's architecture.

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# For x86_64 (64-bit)
rpm -Uvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
# For i386 (32-bit)
rpm -Uvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

Step 2: Install Python 2.7

Now you can use yum to install Python 2.7 and its tools.

sudo yum install python27 python27-devel python27-setuptools python27-pip

python27: The Python interpreter.
python27-devel: Header files and libraries needed for compiling Python extensions (e.g., with setuptools).
python27-setuptools: Helps with packaging and distributing Python projects.
python27-pip: The recommended tool for installing Python packages.

Step 3: Verify the Installation

The EPEL packages install Python 2.7 alongside the system Python 2.6.

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# Check the default system Python (will be 2.6)
python --version
# Python 2.6.6
# Check your new Python 2.7 installation
python2.7 --version
# Python 2.7.18  <-- This is the final 2.7 version

Step 4: Using pip

The pip executable is specifically for Python 2.7.

# Install a package, e.g., requests
pip2.7 install requests

Method 2: Manual Build from Source

Use this method if the version in EPEL is not sufficient for your needs.

Step 1: Install Dependencies

You must install all development libraries that Python needs to compile correctly.

sudo yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
sudo yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel

Step 2: Download the Python 2.7 Source Code

Go to the Python 2.7 download page to get the latest source tarball. As of this writing, 2.7.18 is the final version.

cd /tmp
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.18/Python-2.7.18.tgz
tar -xvf Python-2.7.18.tgz
cd Python-2.7.18

Step 3: Configure and Compile

It's best practice to install Python into a directory like /usr/local to avoid conflicts with the system's Python.

# Configure the build. --enable-optimizations is optional but recommended.
./configure --prefix=/usr/local --enable-optimizations
# Compile the source code (this will take a few minutes)
make -j 4  # Use -j with the number of CPU cores for faster compilation
# Install the compiled files
sudo make altinstall

Note: We use make altinstall instead of make install. This is crucial because it prevents overwriting the system's python and pip executables, avoiding potential conflicts.

Step 4: Verify the Installation

# Check the version
/usr/local/bin/python2.7 --version
# Python 2.7.18
# Check pip
/usr/local/bin/pip2.7 --version
# pip 9.0.3 from /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip (python 2.7)

Method 3: Using Software Collections (SCL)

SCL allows you to install and use multiple versions of software on the same system without conflicts. While Python 2.7 isn't in the default centos-sclo-rh repo, a community collection often provides it.

Step 1: Enable SCL

sudo yum install centos-release-scl

Step 2: Install the Python Collection

Check if a python27 collection is available. If not, you may need to look for a community repo or stick to the other methods.

# Search for available python collections
sudo yum search "python27.*"

If you find a collection named something like rh-python27, you would install it like this:

sudo yum install rh-python27

Step 3: Activate and Use the Collection

You use the scl command to enable the collection for your current shell session.

# Activate the Python 2.7 environment
scl enable rh-python27 bash
# Now the commands are available
python --version
# Python 2.7.x
pip install --upgrade pip
pip install some-package
# To deactivate, just exit the shell or type:
scl disable rh-python27

Important Considerations for Python 2.7 on CentOS 6

Security and EOL: This is the most important point. Your system is vulnerable. Treat it as such and isolate it from production networks if possible. Do not expose services running on it to the internet without a robust firewall.
setuptools and pip: Always update them to the latest 2.7-compatible versions.
```
pip2.7 install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel
```

Virtual Environments: You must use virtual environments to avoid polluting your global Python installation with conflicting package versions.

# Install virtualenv
pip2.7 install virtualenv
# Create a new virtual environment
virtualenv my_project_env
# Activate it
source my_project_env/bin/activate
# Your shell prompt will change. Now you can install packages
pip install django
# Deactivate when done
deactivate

Package Availability: Many modern Python packages no longer support Python 2.7. You may encounter errors during installation. You will need to find older, compatible versions of libraries. Use pip2.7 install package==1.2.3 to specify a version.